![]() A special electric generator powers the launcher. The launcher is traversed forward towards the cab for traveling and for firing uses two stabilizing jacks at the rear of the vehicle. The BM-21 can be operated and fired from the cab, or it can be fired remotely at a distance of up to 60 meters, using a cable set. However, the material used in the cab windows and windscreen is strong enough to withstand the overpressures and other effects associated with the firing of 122-mm rockets. The BM-21 also is the only known Soviet rocket launcher without blast shields on the driver's cab. It is mounted on the Ural-375D 6圆 truck chassis, which has a distinctive fender design and a spare tire on the rear side of the cab. The BM-21 can be distinguished from other multiple rocket launchers by the square-cornered, 40-tube launching apparatus (4 banks of 10 tubes), which is often covered by a protective canvas. This 40-round launcher has four tiers of ten tubes mounted on the chassis of a truck. The launcher with supporting equipment is referred to as the complex 9K51. ![]() The successful use of the Grad system in local conflicts of various intensity for three decades led many countries to develop similar systems. ![]() The BM-21 is unquestionably the world's most widely used MRL. The 122mm 40-tube multiple launch rocket system Grad (Hail), with a firing range of up to 20 km, was introduced into operational service with the Russian Army in 1963. The system has an increased fire effectiveness, more powerful ammunition, and automated guidance, aiming, and navigation equipment. The Tornado-G is a modernised version of the BM-21 Grad MLRS. The field 122-millimeter divisional MLRS BM-21 Grad is designed to destroy open and sheltered manpower, unarmored vehicles and armored personnel carriers in the area where artillery and mortar batteries, command posts and other targets are concentrated. This allows automating the preparation process, and to control the guidance of the launch package, and the firing itself, and to carry out automatic topographic positioning and orientation of the combat vehicle on the ground, to remotely enter flight mission data into the fuses and launch projectiles without the crew having to leave their cabin. The Tornado-G is equipped with an automated guidance and fire-control system, along with automated equipment for launch preparations and the launch itself. Oleg Salyukov said that Tornado-S systems with improved range and firing accuracy and an expanded choice of high-performance missiles were planned to be delivered to the troops. In late 2018, Russian Land Forces Commander-in-Chief Gen. Įarlier in May, Kochkin said that the Russian Armed Forces had received the first batch of modernised Tornado-S. Today, on the basis of the scientific and technical backlog, which was obtained while creating this system, a project is being implemented to modernize the BM-21 Grad to the level of Tornado-G," the deputy general director of Russian ammunition manufacturer Techmash, Aleksandr Kochkin saidKochkin said. Its operations are automated as much as possible. "Not so long ago, new Tornado-G MLRS was put on duty. ![]() Russian multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) Grad, which was developed in the Soviet Union, is being upgraded to the level of new-generation Tornado-G systems.
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